![]() If the object reaches the ground, then it is termed a meteorite. The visible phenomenon due to the passage of an asteroid or meteoroid through the atmosphere is termed a meteor. Atmospheric entry Illustrating all "phases", from atmospheric entry to explosion. Witnesses in Chelyabinsk said that the air of the city smelled like "gunpowder", " sulfur" and "burning odors" starting about 1 hour after the fireball and lasting all day. An image of the object was also taken soon after it entered the atmosphere by the weather satellite Meteosat 9. According to eyewitnesses, the bolide appeared brighter than the sun, as was later confirmed by NASA. The event began at 09:20:21 Yekaterinburg time (which was UTC+6 at the time), several minutes after sunrise in Chelyabinsk, and minutes before sunrise in Yekaterinburg. Some eyewitnesses claim they felt intense heat from the fireball. Amateur videos showed a fireball streaking across the sky and a loud boom several minutes afterwards. ![]() Local residents witnessed extremely bright burning objects in the sky in Chelyabinsk, Kurgan, Sverdlovsk, Tyumen, and Orenburg Oblasts, the Republic of Bashkortostan, and in neighbouring regions in Kazakhstan, when the asteroid entered the Earth's atmosphere over Russia. Comparison of possible sizes of the Chelyabinsk (CM mark) and Tunguska meteoroids to the Eiffel Tower and the Empire State Building. Initial reports The meteor's path in relation to the ground. The earlier-predicted and well-publicized close approach of a larger asteroid on the same day, the roughly 30 m (100 ft) 367943 Duende, occurred about 16 hours later the very different orbits of the two objects showed they were unrelated to each other. The Chelyabinsk meteor is also the only meteor confirmed to have resulted in many injuries. With an estimated initial mass of about 12,000–13,000 tonnes (13,000–14,000 short tons), and measuring about 20 m (66 ft) in diameter, it is the largest known natural object to have entered Earth's atmosphere since the 1908 Tunguska event, which destroyed a wide, remote, forested, and very sparsely populated area of Siberia. Some 7,200 buildings in six cities across the region were damaged by the explosion's shock wave, and authorities scrambled to help repair the structures in sub-freezing temperatures. All of the injuries were due to indirect effects rather than the meteor itself, mainly from broken glass from windows that were blown in when the shock wave arrived, minutes after the superbolide's flash. Its explosion created panic among local residents, and 1,491 people were injured seriously enough to seek medical treatment. The object approached Earth undetected before its atmospheric entry, in part because its radiant (source direction) was close to the Sun. This was 26 to 33 times as much energy as that released from the atomic bomb detonated at Hiroshima. The asteroid had a total kinetic energy before atmospheric impact equivalent to the blast yield of 400–500 kilotons of TNT (about 1.4–1.8 PJ), estimated from infrasound and seismic measurements. Most of the object's energy was absorbed by the atmosphere, creating a large shock wave. The explosion generated a bright flash, producing a hot cloud of dust and gas that penetrated to 26.2 km (16.3 mi 86,000 ft), and many surviving small fragmentary meteorites. The object exploded in a meteor air burst over Chelyabinsk Oblast, at a height of about 29.7 km (18.5 mi 97,000 ft). Some eyewitnesses also reported feeling intense heat from the fireball. It was observed in a wide area of the region and in neighbouring republics. The light from the meteor was briefly brighter than the Sun, visible as far as 100 km (60 mi) away. ![]() It was caused by an approximately 18 m (59 ft) diameter, 9,100-tonne (10,000-short-ton) near-Earth asteroid that entered the atmosphere at a shallow 18.3 ± 0.4 degree angle with a speed relative to Earth of 19.16 ± 0.15 kilometres per second (69,000 km/h 42,690 mph). The Chelyabinsk meteor was a superbolide that entered Earth's atmosphere over the southern Ural region in Russia on 15 February 2013 at about 09:20 YEKT (03:20 UTC). Over 7,200 buildings damaged, collapsed factory roof, shattered windows, $33 million (2013 USD) lost
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